python接口自动化测试(三)-requests.post()-白红宇

上一节介绍了 requests.get() 方法的基本使用，本节介绍 requests.post() 方法的使用：

本文目录：

一、方法定义

二、post方法简单使用

　　1、带数据的post

　　2、带header的post

　　3、带json的post

　　4、带参数的post

　　5、普通文件上传

　　6、定制化文件上传

　　7、多文件上传

一、方法定义：

1、到去了下requests.post()方法的定义，如下:

2、源码：

3、常用返回信息：

二、post方法简单使用：

1、带数据的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])data = {
   'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}r = requests.post(url,data=data)#response = r.json()print (r.text)

输出：

{  "args": {},   "data": "",   "files": {},   "form": {    "key1": "value1",     "key2": "value2"  },   "headers": {    "Accept": "*/*",     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",     "Connection": "close",     "Content-Length": "23",     "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",     "Host": "httpbin.org",     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"  },   "json": null,   "origin": "183.14.133.88",   "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"}

2、带header的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport json host = "http://httpbin.org/"endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])headers = {
   "User-Agent":"test request headers"}# r = requests.post(url)r = requests.post(url,headers=headers)#response = r.json()

输出：

{  "args": {},   "data": "",   "files": {},   "form": {},   "headers": {    "Accept": "*/*",     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",     "Connection": "close",     "Content-Length": "0",     "Host": "httpbin.org",     "User-Agent": "test request headers"  },   "json": null,   "origin": "183.14.133.88",   "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"}

3、带json的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"endpoint = "post" url = ''.join([host,endpoint])data = {    "sites": [                { "name":"test" , "url":"www.test.com" },                { "name":"google" , "url":"www.google.com" },                { "name":"weibo" , "url":"www.weibo.com" }    ]}r = requests.post(url,json=data)# r = requests.post(url,data=json.dumps(data))response = r.json()

输出：

{  "args": {},   "data": "{\"sites\": [{\"url\": \"www.test.com\", \"name\": \"test\"}, {\"url\": \"www.google.com\", \"name\": \"google\"}, {\"url\": \"www.weibo.com\", \"name\": \"weibo\"}]}",   "files": {},   "form": {},   "headers": {    "Accept": "*/*",     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",     "Connection": "close",     "Content-Length": "140",     "Content-Type": "application/json",     "Host": "httpbin.org",     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"  },   "json": {    "sites": [      {        "name": "test",         "url": "www.test.com"      },       {        "name": "google",         "url": "www.google.com"      },       {        "name": "weibo",         "url": "www.weibo.com"      }    ]  },   "origin": "183.14.133.88",   "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"}

4、带参数的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])params = {
   'key1':'params1','key2':'params2'}# r = requests.post(url)r = requests.post(url,params=params)#response = r.json()print (r.text)

输出：

{  "args": {    "key1": "params1",     "key2": "params2"  },   "data": "",   "files": {},   "form": {},   "headers": {    "Accept": "*/*",     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",     "Connection": "close",     "Content-Length": "0",     "Host": "httpbin.org",     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"  },   "json": null,   "origin": "183.14.133.88",   "url": "http://httpbin.org/post?key2=params2&key1=params1"}

5、普通文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"endpoint = "post" url = ''.join([host,endpoint])#普通上传files = {            'file':open('test.txt','rb')        }r = requests.post(url,files=files)print (r.text)

输出：

{  "args": {},   "data": "",   "files": {    "file": "hello world!\n"  },   "form": {},   "headers": {    "Accept": "*/*",     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",     "Connection": "close",     "Content-Length": "157",     "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=392865f79bf6431f8a53c9d56c62571e",     "Host": "httpbin.org",     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"  },   "json": null,   "origin": "183.14.133.88",   "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"}

6、定制化文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])#自定义文件名，文件类型、请求头files = {        'file':('test.png',open('test.png','rb'),'image/png')}r = requests.post(url,files=files)print (r.text)heman793

输出比较在，就不帖了。

7、多文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])#多文件上传files = [    ('file1',('test.txt',open('test.txt', 'rb'))),    ('file2', ('test.png', open('test.png', 'rb')))    ]r = requests.post(url,files=files)print (r.text)

输出上，太多内容，不帖了。

8、流式上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])#流式上传with open( 'test.txt' ) as f:    r = requests.post(url,data = f)print (r.text)

输出：

{  "args": {},   "data": "hello world!\n",   "files": {},   "form": {},   "headers": {    "Accept": "*/*",     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",     "Connection": "close",     "Content-Length": "13",     "Host": "httpbin.org",     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"  },   "json": null,   "origin": "183.14.133.88",   "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"}